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Volume 12, Part 1 (2004)

Janowicz, K., Mazurkiewicz-Zapalowicz, K., Kaup, G. and Kuzna-Grygiel, W.

Effect of host plant and saprophytic soil fungi on population size of Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) Behrens

Summary:
We studied the possible effects of host plants (potato, cv. Mila, and tomato, cv. Ika) and saprophytic fungi (Stachybotrys chartarum and Penicillium frequentans) on population size of the golden nematode, Globodera rostochiensis. Coexistence of G. rostochiensis and the saprophytic fungi resulted in a significant reduction of the nematode population (reduced numbers of cysts, eggs, and juveniles). Also, differences were found between potato and tomato plants in relation to their suitability as host organisms for the nematodes. It was found that population density of the nematodes in soil with potatoes was many times greater than that in soil with tomatoes. The study has demonstrated that both the nematode host plant and saprophytic soil fungi significantly influence population density of G. rostochiensis.

Key words: Globodera rostochiensis, interaction, potato, saprophytic soil microorganisms, tomato.

Ciobanu, M., Popovici, I. and Decraemer, W..

Nematodes of some salt affected areas from Romania (Nematoda: Dorylaimoidea)

Summary:
One new species, Labronema plica sp. n. and six known species of Dorylaimoidea: Laimydorus parabastiani (Paetzold, 1958), Siddiqi, 1969, Discolaimus major Thorne, 1939, Doryllium zeelandicum (de Man, 1876), Tylencholaimellus eskei Siddiqi & Khan, 1964, Tylencholaimus teres Thorne, 1939 and Mesodorylaimus potus Heyns, 1963, were collected from three inland salt affected habitats located in Romania. Labronema plica sp. n. is characterized by its body length, slightly over 1 mm, short odontostyle, conoid-rounded tail, less than one anal body diameter long and similar in both sexes; in female, by a sclerotized pars refringens vaginae and the presence of pre- and post-advulval plicae; in male, by 53 µm long spicules and 16 contiguous precloacal mid-ventral supplements. Laimydorus parabastiani, Doryllium zeelandicum, Tylencholaimus teres and Mesodorylaimus potus are new records for the Romanian nematofauna. Descriptions, morphometric data, illustrations and data referring to the ecological conditions are provided.

Key words: Dorylaimoidea, nematodes, new species, Romania, salt affected habitat, taxonomy.

Kornobis, S.

Diversity of Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949 population in Poland

Summary:
Fifty-one Polish populations of Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949 were compared. It was found that three second-stage juvenile groups, differing significantly from one another in body length, can be distinguished. Morphological diversity of larvae in different populations does not correspond directly to the capability to form galls on various plants. Out of ten tested plant species, celeriac was the most sensitive to M. hapla infection. The results of this study confirm that it is impossible to recognize clearly stabilized races of Meloidogyne hapla.

Key words: diversity, Meloidogyne hapla, races, test plants.

Manduric, S. and Andersson, S.

The identity of a Swedish Globodera (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) population, following comparisons with known populations of G. artemisiae (Eroshenko and Kazachenko, 1972) Behrens, 1975

Summary:
Morphological/morphometric identification and sequencing of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) were used to provide a proper determination of a Globodera population from Sösdala, southernmost Sweden. Data of cysts and juveniles corresponded well morphologically with those of the original description of G. artemisiae (Eroshenko & Kasachenko, 1972) Behrens, 1975, except for total juvenile length. In relation to a German G. artemisiae population and a Chinese one, the Swedish population displayed a genetic divergence of 0.24 and 0.36 %, respectively, along 842 nucleotides of ITS sequences. The combination of similarities in host choice, morphology and DNA sequences justifies the classification of the Sösdala population as belonging to G. artemisiae, the first record in Sweden. However, it is felt that international cooperative studies are urgently required, as data from reports on G. artemisae from different countries diverge to some extent and there are insufficient comparisons with the other known Globodera species, hosted by Asteraceae.

Key words: DNA, identification, morphology, morphometry, sequencing.

Holovachov, O., Bostrom, S., Winiszewska, G. and L. Hanel.

Description of two known and one new species of the genus Anaplectus De Coninck & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1933 from Europe, and a revised taxonomy of the genus (Nematoda: Plectida)

Summary:
Two known and one new species of Anaplectus, viz. A. granulosus, A. atubulatus and A. brzeskii sp. n. are described from material collected in Poland, Ukraine and Sweden. A. granulosus is studied by SEM for the first time. A. brzeskii sp. n. is characterised by a body length of 863-1131 µm in females and 764-1056 µm in males, lip region slightly offset from body contour, amphid located at level with anterior part of stegostom, spinneret present, vulva located in a depression, female with four caudal setae, male with three midventral tubular supplements, spicules 40-48 µm long with oval manubrium wider than shaft, and gubernaculum 10-13 µm long, plate-like with a single strong caudal appendix. An emended generic diagnosis, a species list and identification key are provided.

Key words: Key to species, morphology, new species, Plectidae, SEM, taxonomy

Tanha Maafi, Z., Sturhan, D., Kheiri, A., Geraert, E., Subbotin, S.A. and Moens, M.

Morphology of some cyst-forming nematodes from Iran.

Summary:
A survey conducted to identify cyst-forming nematodes in Iran revealed the presence of species belonging to the genera Heterodera and Cactodera. Heterodera elachista, H. fici, H. glycines, H. goettingiana, H. humuli, H. turcomanica and Cactodera cacti obtained from different plants and regions are described for the first time from Iran. Morphological features and morphometric characters with comparative details for these species as well as for H. mothi are presented and the relationship of some of the species with similar species is discussed.

Key words: Cactodera cacti, cyst-forming nematodes, H. elachista, H. fici, H. glycines, H. goettingiana, H. humuli, H. mothi, H. turcomanica.

Spennemann, D. H. R.

Nathan A. Cobb in Jena 1887-88

Summary:
Nathan A. Cobb, often described as the father of American nematologial research, was a very prolific researcher. Drawing on published and archival information, this paper describes his early career and his study at the University of Jena (Germany) which laid the scientific foundations for his future career.

Key words: biography, Germany, graduate training, history of nematology, Nathan A. Cobb.

Spiridonov, S. E., Krasomil-Osterfeld, K. and Moens, M.

Steinernema jollieti sp. n. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from the American Midwest

Summary:
Steinernema jollieti sp. n. is described from a soil sample collected in a woodland in the Missouri valley near St. Louis, USA in 1999. The general morphology and sequences of the ITS-rDNA indicate that the new species is related to species with widespread distribution, such as S. feltiae and S. kraussei. A characteristic feature of S. jollieti sp. n. infective juveniles is the presence of only 6 equal and equally spaced longitudinal ridges in the lateral field at the mid-body. Infective juveniles of S. jollieti sp. n. are also characterized by their straight or only slightly curved body when heat-killed, by the shape of their “medium" length (average 800-900 µm), the excretory pore at the mid-pharynx position and a hyaline tail portion of about half of the total tail length. Only males of the second generation have a mucron on the tail tip. Spicules are dark-yellow, 55-70 µm or 48-63 µm long in the first and second generation, respectively. According to ITS rDNA sequences, S. jollieti sp. n. belongs to the Steinernema clade composed of species such as S. kraussei, S. feltiae, S. weiseri, and S. oregonense. The new species shows a high level of nucleotide differences in ITS rDNA sequences with all these steinernematid species.

Key words: entomopathogenic nematode, Midwest USA, molecular characterization, morphology, Steinernema jollieti sp. n.